Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 49

Young men and boys often spend whole nights playing the Iceya, which has the same hold upon them as dice upon some Europeans.

Who acts: Young men, whole nights, Iceya · What happens: spend, play, have · To what, where: Iceya, same hold

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Young men, whole nights, Iceya), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 men	amod
2	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 spend	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 boys	cc
4	boys	boy	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 men	conj
5	often	often	ADV	_	6 spend	advmod
6	spend	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 nights	amod
8	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 spend	obj
9	playing	play	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 nights	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Iceya	det
11	Iceya	Iceya	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 playing	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 has	punct
13	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 has	nsubj
14	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 Iceya	acl:relcl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 hold	det
16	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 hold	amod
17	hold	hold	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 has	obj
18	upon	upon	ADP	_	19 them	case
19	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 hold	nmod
20	as	as	ADP	_	21 dice	case
21	dice	die	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 has	obl
22	upon	upon	ADP	_	24 Europeans	case
23	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	24 Europeans	det
24	Europeans	European	PROPN	Number=Plur	21 dice	nmod
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 spend	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	spend	present	Young men and boys		night	often property	vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	play	gerund	whole nights not said here	the Iceya			vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iceya=Theme
3	have	present	the Iceya	the same hold		upon men = man; as dice upon some Europeans	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/49/

🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 49

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 49