Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 63
The other end of the thong is usually fastened to a small round piece of wood used as a handle.
What happens: fasten, use · To what, where: other end, small round piece
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 end | det |
| 2 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 end | amod |
| 3 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 fastened | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 thong | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 thong | det |
| 6 | thong | thong | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 end | nmod |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 fastened | aux:pass |
| 8 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 9 fastened | advmod |
| 9 | fastened | fasten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 piece | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 piece | det |
| 12 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 piece | amod |
| 13 | round | round | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 piece | amod |
| 14 | piece | piece | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 fastened | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 wood | case |
| 16 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 piece | nmod |
| 17 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 piece | acl |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | _ | 20 handle | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 handle | det |
| 20 | handle | handle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 used | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 fastened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fasten | present · passive | the other end of the thong | to a small round piece of wood; usually property | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to piece=Co-Patient | ||||
| 2 | use | participle | a small round piece of wood not said here | as a handle | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/63/