Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 66
There is a kind of superstition connected with the nodiwu, that playing with it invites a gale of wind.
Who acts: kind, playing · What happens: be, connect, play, invite · To what, where: superstition, gale
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kind, playing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 is | expl |
| 2 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 kind | det |
| 4 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 is | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 superstition | case |
| 6 | superstition | superstition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 kind | nmod |
| 7 | connected | connect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 superstition | acl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 nodiwu | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 nodiwu | det |
| 10 | nodiwu | nodiwu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 connected | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 invites | punct |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 invites | mark |
| 13 | playing | play | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 invites | csubj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 it | case |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 playing | obl |
| 16 | invites | invite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 is | parataxis |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 gale | det |
| 18 | gale | gale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 invites | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 wind | case |
| 20 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 gale | nmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 is | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | present | a kind of superstition | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | connect | participle | superstition not said here | with the nodiwu | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with nodiwu=Co-Patient | ||||
| 3 | play | gerund | with nodiwu | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with it=Theme | |||||
| 4 | invite | present | playing | a gale of wind | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gale=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/66/