Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 11
Ma is the word used in addressing mother, any wife of father, or the sister of any of these.
Who acts: Ma · What happens: be, use, address · To what, where: word
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Demazana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ma), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ma | ma | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 word | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 word | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 word | det |
| 4 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 word | acl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 mother | case |
| 7 | addressing | address | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 mother | amod |
| 8 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 used | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 wife | punct |
| 10 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 wife | det |
| 11 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 word | conj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 father | case |
| 13 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 wife | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 sister | punct |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 sister | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 sister | det |
| 17 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 word | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 any | case |
| 19 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 17 sister | nmod |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 these | case |
| 21 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 19 any | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 word | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Ma | the word and any wife of father or the sister of any of these | any wife of father conj; the sister of any of these conj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | use | participle | the word and any wife of father or the sister of any of these not said here | in addressing mother | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | address | gerund | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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