Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 6

It is not poverty of language, for they have words to express shades of relationship where we have none, but a difference of ideas, that causes them to use the same word for father and paternal uncle, for brother and cousin, etc. Bawo is the word used in addressing father, father’s brother, or father’s half-brother.

Who acts: point, cousins, words, we, that, etc. · What happens: not be, have, express, cause, use, be · To what, where: poverty, words, shades, none, cousins, same word

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Demazana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (point, cousins, words, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 poverty	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 poverty	cop
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 poverty	advmod
4	poverty	poverty	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 language	case
6	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 poverty	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 have	punct
8	for	for	SCONJ	_	10 have	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 have	nsubj
10	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 poverty	parataxis
11	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 have	obj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 express	mark
13	express	express	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 have	xcomp
14	shades	shade	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 express	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 relationship	case
16	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 shades	nmod
17	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	19 have	advmod
18	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 have	nsubj
19	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 relationship	acl:relcl
20	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	19 have	obj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 difference	punct
22	but	but	CCONJ	_	24 difference	cc
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 difference	det
24	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 poverty	conj
25	of	of	ADP	_	26 ideas	case
26	ideas	idea	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 difference	nmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 causes	punct
28	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	29 causes	nsubj
29	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 difference	conj
30	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 causes	obj
31	to	to	PART	_	32 use	mark
32	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 causes	xcomp
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 word	det
34	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 word	amod
35	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 use	obj
36	for	for	ADP	_	37 father	case
37	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 word	nmod
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	40 uncle	cc
39	paternal	paternal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 uncle	amod
40	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 father	conj
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 brother	punct
42	for	for	ADP	_	43 brother	case
43	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 use	obl
44	and	and	CCONJ	_	45 cousin	cc
45	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 brother	conj
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 word	punct
47	etc.	etc.	NOUN	Abbr=Yes Number=Plur	51 word	nsubj
48	Bawo	Bawo	PROPN	Number=Sing	51 word	nsubj
49	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	51 word	cop
50	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	51 word	det
51	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 poverty	conj
52	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	51 word	acl
53	in	in	SCONJ	_	54 addressing	mark
54	addressing	address	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	52 used	advcl
55	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 addressing	obj
56	,	,	PUNCT	_	59 brother	punct
57	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	59 brother	nmod:poss
58	’s	's	PART	_	57 father	case
59	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 father	conj
60	,	,	PUNCT	_	66 brother	punct
61	or	or	CCONJ	_	66 brother	cc
62	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	66 brother	nmod:poss
63	’s	's	PART	_	62 father	case
64	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	66 brother	compound
65	-	-	PUNCT	_	64 half	punct
66	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 father	conj
67	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 poverty	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	not is a	present	point	poverty but a difference of ideas and the word		of language; a difference of ideas conj	tree rules
2	have	present	cousins = cousin	words			tree rules
3	express	to-infinitive	words not said here	shades of relationship			vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shade=Theme
4	have	present	we	none			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent none=Patient
5	cause	present	that	cousins = cousin			tree rules
6	use	to-infinitive	cousins = cousin not said here	the same word		for father and paternal uncle; for brother and cousin	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent word=Theme for brother=Eventuality
7	is a	present	etc.	the word		Bawo nsubj	tree rules
8	use	participle		the word not said here			vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9	address	gerund			father and father's brother or father's half brother		vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent father=Destination
10	shade			relationship			nom shade «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/34/6/

🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 6

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 6