Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II., sentence 64
While they were enjoying themselves and laughing, the bird flew away, leaving them in great dismay.
Who acts: others, bird · What happens: enjoy, laugh, fly away, leave · To what, where: others, great dismay
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (others, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 4 enjoying | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 enjoying | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 enjoying | aux |
| 4 | enjoying | enjoy | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 flew | advcl |
| 5 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 4 enjoying | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 laughing | cc |
| 7 | laughing | laugh | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 enjoying | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 enjoying | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 bird | det |
| 10 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 flew | nsubj |
| 11 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | away | away | ADV | _ | 11 flew | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 leaving | punct |
| 14 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 flew | advcl |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 leaving | obj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 dismay | case |
| 17 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 dismay | amod |
| 18 | dismay | dismay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 leaving | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 flew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | enjoy | past · progressive | others = other | others = other | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer themselves=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | laugh | gerund | others = other not said here | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | fly away | past | the bird | away property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | leave | gerund | the bird not said here | others = other | great dismay | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme in dismay=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/4/64/