Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II., sentence 66
So they followed it, and continued going after it the whole day long, for when they were at a distance it would sit still for a little while, and when they approached it would fly away.
Who acts: children, work · What happens: follow, continue, go, be, sit, approach · To what, where: work
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, work), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 followed | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 followed | nsubj |
| 3 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 followed | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 continued | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 continued | cc |
| 7 | continued | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 followed | parataxis |
| 8 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 continued | xcomp |
| 9 | after | after | ADP | _ | 10 it | case |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 going | obl |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 day | det |
| 12 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 day | amod |
| 13 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 going | obl:unmarked |
| 14 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 8 going | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 sit | punct |
| 16 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 22 distance | mark |
| 17 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 22 distance | advmod |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 distance | nsubj |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 distance | cop |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 22 distance | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 distance | det |
| 22 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 sit | advcl |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 sit | nsubj |
| 24 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 sit | aux |
| 25 | sit | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 continued | conj |
| 26 | still | still | ADV | _ | 25 sit | advmod |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 while | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 while | det |
| 29 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 while | amod |
| 30 | while | while | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 sit | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 approached | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 approached | cc |
| 33 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 35 approached | advmod |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 approached | nsubj |
| 35 | approached | approach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 sit | conj |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 fly | nsubj |
| 37 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 fly | aux |
| 38 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 approached | ccomp |
| 39 | away | away | ADV | _ | 38 fly | advmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 followed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | past | children = child | work | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 2 | continue | past | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 3 | go | gerund | after work; day | long property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | past | children = child | at a distance | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | sit | would | work | still; while | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | approach | past | children = child | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | fly away | would | work | away property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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