Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II., sentence 70
When evening set in, the children determined to return to their home, but there came a storm of rain with heavy thunder, and they were very much afraid.
Who acts: storm, children, rain · What happens: set in, determine, return, come, be, storm · To what, where: children
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Bird That Made Milk. II.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (storm, children, rain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 set | advmod |
| 2 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 set | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | set | set | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 set | compound:prt |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 children | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 children | det |
| 7 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 set | obl |
| 8 | determined | determine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 children | acl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 return | mark |
| 10 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 determined | xcomp |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 home | case |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 home | nmod:poss |
| 13 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 return | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 came | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 came | cc |
| 16 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 17 came | expl |
| 17 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 set | parataxis |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 storm | det |
| 19 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 came | nsubj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 rain | case |
| 21 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 storm | nmod |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 thunder | case |
| 23 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 thunder | amod |
| 24 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 rain | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 afraid | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 afraid | cc |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 afraid | nsubj |
| 28 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 afraid | cop |
| 29 | very | very | ADV | _ | 30 much | advmod |
| 30 | much | much | ADV | _ | 31 afraid | advmod |
| 31 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 came | conj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 set | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | set in | participle | the children | evening | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | determine | participle | the children not said here | vn discover-84 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | return | to-infinitive | to children's home result | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to home=Result | |||||
| 4 | come | past | a storm of rain with heavy thunder | there | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | past | children = child | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | storm | rain with heavy thunder | nom storm «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/4/70/