Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 102
In the evening she heard a very strong wind, which made the hut shake.
Who acts: mother, strong wind, hut · What happens: hear, make, shake · To what, where: strong wind, hut
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mother, strong wind, hut), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 evening | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 evening | det |
| 3 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 heard | obl |
| 4 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 heard | nsubj |
| 5 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 wind | det |
| 7 | very | very | ADV | _ | 8 strong | advmod |
| 8 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 wind | amod |
| 9 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 heard | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 made | punct |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 made | nsubj |
| 12 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 wind | acl:relcl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 hut | det |
| 14 | hut | hut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 made | obj |
| 15 | shake | shake | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 made | xcomp |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | mother | a strong wind | evening | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer wind=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | make | past | a strong wind | the hut | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | shake | infinitive | the hut not said here | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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