Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 61
They said also: “The chief is not at home; you must prepare food for him, that when he comes in the evening he may eat.”
Who acts: people, chief, you, that · What happens: say, not be, prepare, come, eat · To what, where: home, food, evening · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, chief, you, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 2 said | advmod |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 home | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 home | punct |
| 6 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 chief | det |
| 7 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 home | nsubj |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 home | cop |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 home | advmod |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 home | case |
| 11 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 said | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 prepare | punct |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 15 prepare | nsubj |
| 14 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 prepare | aux |
| 15 | prepare | prepare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 said | parataxis |
| 16 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 prepare | obj |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 prepare | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 comes | punct |
| 20 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 23 comes | nsubj |
| 21 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 23 comes | advmod |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 comes | nsubj |
| 23 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 prepare | parataxis |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 evening | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 evening | det |
| 26 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 comes | obl |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 eat | nsubj |
| 28 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 eat | aux |
| 29 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 evening | acl:relcl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 prepare | punct |
| 31 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 prepare | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | not is in a quote | present | the chief | home | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | prepare in a quote | must | you | food | for chief | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent food=Product for he=Beneficiary | |||
| 4 | come in a quote | present | that | evening | chief nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 5 | eat in a quote | may | chief | the evening not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evening=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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