Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 22
There was a big tree in front of the kraal, and the mats were spread under it.
Who acts: big tree · What happens: be, spread · To what, where: mats, tree
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (big tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 was | expl |
| 2 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 tree | det |
| 4 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tree | amod |
| 5 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 was | nsubj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 front | case |
| 7 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tree | nmod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 kraal | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 kraal | det |
| 10 | kraal | kraal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 front | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 spread | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 spread | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 mats | det |
| 14 | mats | mat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 spread | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 spread | aux:pass |
| 16 | spread | spread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 was | parataxis |
| 17 | under | under | ADP | _ | 18 it | case |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 spread | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 was | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | a big tree in front of the kraal | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | spread | past · passive | the mats | tree | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme under it=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/6/22/