Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 30
In her curiosity she went close to the precipice, when it fell down on her, and, as the milk ran over her, all her ugly blotched skin disappeared, and she was again beautiful as at first.
Who acts: thing, precipice, ugly blotched skin · What happens: go, fall down, run, blotch, disappear, be · To what, where: curiosity
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thing, precipice, ugly blotched skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 curiosity | case |
| 2 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 curiosity | nmod:poss |
| 3 | curiosity | curiosity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 went | obl |
| 4 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 went | nsubj |
| 5 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | close | close | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 went | advmod |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 precipice | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 precipice | det |
| 9 | precipice | precipice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 close | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 fell | punct |
| 11 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 fell | advmod |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 fell | nsubj |
| 13 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 went | conj |
| 14 | down | down | ADV | _ | 13 fell | advmod |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 her | case |
| 16 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 fell | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 ran | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 ran | cc |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 and | punct |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | _ | 22 milk | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 milk | det |
| 22 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 ran | obl |
| 23 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 went | parataxis |
| 24 | over | over | ADP | _ | 25 her | case |
| 25 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 ran | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 disappeared | punct |
| 27 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 32 disappeared | det:predet |
| 28 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 skin | nmod:poss |
| 29 | ugly | ugly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 skin | amod |
| 30 | blotched | blotch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 skin | amod |
| 31 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 disappeared | nsubj |
| 32 | disappeared | disappear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 ran | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 beautiful | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 beautiful | cc |
| 35 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 beautiful | nsubj |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 beautiful | cop |
| 37 | again | again | ADV | _ | 38 beautiful | advmod |
| 38 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 disappeared | conj |
| 39 | as | as | ADP | _ | 38 beautiful | advmod |
| 40 | at | at | ADP | _ | 39 as | fixed |
| 41 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 39 as | fixed |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | thing | thing's curiosity | close property | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in curiosity=Location | |||
| 2 | fall down | past | precipice | on thing; down property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on she=Location | ||||
| 3 | run | past | as the milk; over thing | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over she=Trajectory | |||||
| 4 | blotch | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | disappear | past | thing's ugly blotched skin | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | is | past | thing | again | beautiful property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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