Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., sentence 16
During this time the girl that was first born was growing up in the valley where her mother left her; she lived in a hole in an ant-heap, and ate honey, and “nongwes,” and gum.
Who acts: girl, mother, nongwes · What happens: bear, grow up, leave, live, eat, gum · To what, where: girl, time, valley, hole, honey
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girl, mother, nongwes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | During | during | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 lived | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 girl | det |
| 5 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 growing | nsubj |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 born | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 born | aux:pass |
| 8 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 9 born | advmod |
| 9 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 girl | acl:relcl |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 growing | aux |
| 11 | growing | grow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 time | acl:relcl |
| 12 | up | up | ADP | _ | 11 growing | compound:prt |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 valley | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 valley | det |
| 15 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 growing | obl |
| 16 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 19 left | advmod |
| 17 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 mother | nmod:poss |
| 18 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 left | nsubj |
| 19 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 valley | acl:relcl |
| 20 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 left | obj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 time | punct |
| 22 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 lived | nsubj |
| 23 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 hole | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 hole | det |
| 26 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 lived | obl |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 heap | case |
| 28 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 heap | det |
| 29 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 heap | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 ant | punct |
| 31 | heap | heap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 hole | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 ate | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 ate | cc |
| 34 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 lived | conj |
| 35 | honey | honey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 ate | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 gum | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 gum | cc |
| 38 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 nongwes | punct |
| 39 | nongwes | nongwe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 gum | nsubj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 nongwes | punct |
| 41 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 nongwes | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 gum | cc |
| 43 | gum | gum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 ate | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 23 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bear | past · passive | the girl | first property | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | grow up | past · progressive | the girl | this time not said here | the valley | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location time=Theme | |||
| 3 | leave | past | girl's mother | girl | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme | ||||
| 4 | live | past | mother | a hole in a ant heap | time | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hole=Location | |||
| 5 | eat | past | mother not said here | honey | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent honey=Patient | ||||
| 6 | gum | nongwes | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/8/16/