Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., sentence 29
Then she said: “My mother’s Simbukumbukwana, sink legs and sink arms” (Simbukumbukwana sikama, tshona milenze tshona mikono).
Who acts: voice · What happens: say, sink · To what, where: Simbukumbukwana, arms · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 said | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 Simbukumbukwana | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Simbukumbukwana | punct |
| 6 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 mother | nmod:poss |
| 7 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Simbukumbukwana | nmod:poss |
| 8 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 7 mother | case |
| 9 | Simbukumbukwana | Simbukumbukwana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 sink | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 sink | punct |
| 11 | sink | sink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 12 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 sink | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 sink | cc |
| 14 | sink | sink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 sink | conj |
| 15 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 sink | obj |
| 16 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 sink | punct |
| 17 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 19 sikama | punct |
| 18 | Simbukumbukwana | Simbukumbukwana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 sikama | compound |
| 19 | sikama | sikama | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sink | parataxis |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 mikono | punct |
| 21 | tshona | tshona | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 milenze | compound |
| 22 | milenze | milenze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 tshona | compound |
| 23 | tshona | tshona | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 mikono | compound |
| 24 | mikono | mikono | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 sikama | conj |
| 25 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 19 sikama | punct |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | voice | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | sink in a quote | present | My mother's Simbukumbukwana | legs obj | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent leg=Patient | ||||
| 3 | sink in a quote | present | arms | Simbukumbukwana sikama and tshona mikono parataxis | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/8/29/