Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., sentence 63
He called to his sister: “You have beaten me,” but she asked him to forgive her.
Who acts: boy, sister · What happens: call, beat, ask, forgive · To what, where: sister, boy · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, sister), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 called | nsubj |
| 2 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 sister | case |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 sister | nmod:poss |
| 5 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 called | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 beaten | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 beaten | punct |
| 8 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 10 beaten | nsubj |
| 9 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 beaten | aux |
| 10 | beaten | beat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 called | parataxis |
| 11 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 beaten | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 beaten | punct |
| 13 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 beaten | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 asked | cc |
| 15 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 asked | nsubj |
| 16 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 called | conj |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 asked | iobj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 forgive | mark |
| 19 | forgive | forgive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 asked | xcomp |
| 20 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 forgive | obj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call speech: assert | past | boy | boy's sister | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent to sister=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | beat in a quote | present · perfect | boy's sister = sister | boy | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location i=Theme | ||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | sister | boy | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | forgive not said to happen | to-infinitive | sister not said here | sister | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/8/63/