Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 101
She called her companions, and they went to the side of the river.
Who acts: woman, companions · What happens: call, go · To what, where: companions, side · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, companions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 called | nsubj |
| 2 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 companions | nmod:poss |
| 4 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 called | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 went | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 went | cc |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 went | nsubj |
| 8 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 called | conj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 side | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 side | det |
| 11 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 went | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 river | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 river | det |
| 14 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 side | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past | woman | woman's companions | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent companion=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | go | past | companions = companion | the side of the river | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to side=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/101/