Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 120

The skin said: “You must not enter by the front of the village; you must not eat off a new mat; you must not sleep in a hut which has nothing in it.”

Who acts: skin, You, hut · What happens: say, not enter, not eat off, not sleep, have · To what, where: new mat, hut, nothing, skin · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (skin, You, hut), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 skin	det
2	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 enter	punct
5	“	"	PUNCT	_	9 enter	punct
6	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 enter	nsubj
7	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 enter	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 enter	advmod
9	enter	enter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 said	ccomp
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 front	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 front	det
12	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 enter	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 village	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 village	det
15	village	village	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 front	nmod
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 eat	punct
17	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	20 eat	nsubj
18	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 eat	aux
19	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 eat	advmod
20	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 said	parataxis
21	off	off	ADP	_	20 eat	compound:prt
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 mat	det
23	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 mat	amod
24	mat	mat	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 eat	obj
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 sleep	punct
26	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	29 sleep	nsubj
27	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	29 sleep	aux
28	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	29 sleep	advmod
29	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 said	parataxis
30	in	in	ADP	_	32 hut	case
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 hut	det
32	hut	hut	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 sleep	obl
33	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	34 has	nsubj
34	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 hut	acl:relcl
35	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	34 has	obj
36	in	in	ADP	_	37 it	case
37	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 nothing	nmod
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	29 sleep	punct
39	”	"	PUNCT	_	29 sleep	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	the skin				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not enter in a quote	must	You			by the front of the village	vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	not eat off in a quote	must	you	a new mat			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mat=Patient
4	not sleep in a quote	must	you		a hut		vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in hut=Location
5	have in a quote	present	a hut	nothing	skin		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/120/

🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 120

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 120