Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 125

An empty hut was given to them to sleep in, but they said: “It is our custom only to sleep in a hut that has things in it.”

Who acts: people, hut, custom · What happens: give, sleep in, say, be, sleep, have · To what, where: empty hut, people, custom, hut, things · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, hut, custom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 hut	det
2	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hut	amod
3	hut	hut	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 given	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 given	aux:pass
5	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 them	case
7	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 given	obl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 sleep	mark
9	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 given	advcl
10	in	in	ADV	_	9 sleep	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 said	punct
12	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 said	cc
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 said	nsubj
14	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 given	conj
15	:	:	PUNCT	_	20 custom	punct
16	“	"	PUNCT	_	20 custom	punct
17	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 custom	nsubj
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 custom	cop
19	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 custom	nmod:poss
20	custom	custom	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 sleep	nsubj
21	only	only	ADV	_	23 sleep	advmod
22	to	to	PART	_	23 sleep	mark
23	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 said	ccomp
24	in	in	ADP	_	26 hut	case
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 hut	det
26	hut	hut	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 sleep	obl
27	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	28 has	nsubj
28	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 hut	acl:relcl
29	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 has	obj
30	in	in	ADP	_	31 it	case
31	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 has	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	23 sleep	punct
33	”	"	PUNCT	_	5 given	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	give	past · passive		a empty hut	people			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to they=Recipient
2	sleep in	to-infinitive						vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	say speech: assert	past	people					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	is a in a quote	present	hut	our custom			our nmod:poss	tree rules
5	sleep in a quote	to-infinitive	our custom			a hut		vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in hut=Location
6	have in a quote	present	a hut	things		custom		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/125/

🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 125

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 125