Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 128
A storm of rain fell, when Sikulume spread out his mantle and it became a hut as hard as stone, into which they all went.
Who acts: storm, Sikulume, cattle, rain · What happens: fall, spread out, become, go, storm · To what, where: mantle, hut
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (storm, Sikulume, cattle, rain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 storm | det |
| 2 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fell | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 rain | case |
| 4 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 storm | nmod |
| 5 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 spread | punct |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 spread | advmod |
| 8 | Sikulume | Sikulume | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 spread | nsubj |
| 9 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 fell | conj |
| 10 | out | out | ADP | _ | 9 spread | compound:prt |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 mantle | nmod:poss |
| 12 | mantle | mantle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 spread | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 became | cc |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 became | nsubj |
| 15 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 fell | conj |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 hut | det |
| 17 | hut | hut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 became | xcomp |
| 18 | as | as | ADV | _ | 19 hard | advmod |
| 19 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 15 became | advmod |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | _ | 21 stone | case |
| 21 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 hard | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 went | punct |
| 23 | into | into | ADP | _ | 24 which | case |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 went | obl |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 went | nsubj |
| 26 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 went | advmod |
| 27 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 became | conj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | past | a storm of rain | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | spread out | past | Sikulume | Sikulume's mantle | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mantle=Theme | ||||
| 3 | become | past | storm | a hut | hard property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||
| 4 | go | past | cattle | which obl | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into which=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | storm | rain | nom storm «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/128/