Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 150
He could not climb up that rock, and so he returned to his own village.
Who acts: father · What happens: not climb up, return · To what, where: rock
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 climb | nsubj |
| 2 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 climb | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 climb | advmod |
| 4 | climb | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 climb | compound:prt |
| 6 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 rock | det |
| 7 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 climb | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 returned | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 returned | cc |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 returned | advmod |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 returned | nsubj |
| 12 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 climb | parataxis |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 village | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 village | nmod:poss |
| 15 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 village | amod |
| 16 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 returned | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 climb | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not climb up | could | father | that rock | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location rock=Theme | ||||
| 2 | return | past | father | to father's own village result | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to village=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/150/