Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 156
All the people said: “There is no chief that can do such things as Sikulume.”
Who acts: people, chief · What happens: say, be, do · To what, where: such things · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 people | det:predet |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 people | det |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 is | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 is | punct |
| 7 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 8 is | expl |
| 8 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | ccomp |
| 9 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 10 chief | det |
| 10 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 is | nsubj |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 do | nsubj |
| 12 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 do | aux |
| 13 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 chief | acl:relcl |
| 14 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 things | amod |
| 15 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 do | obj |
| 16 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 Sikulume | case |
| 17 | Sikulume | Sikulume | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 do | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
| 19 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | all people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | be in a quote | present | no chief | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | do in a quote | can | no chief | such things | as Sikulume | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/156/