Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 19
He gave them weapons, and instructed them that if any one opposed them they were to fight till the last of them died.
Who acts: man, one, birds · What happens: give, instruct, oppose, fight, be · To what, where: weapons, birds
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, one, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 gave | nsubj |
| 2 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 gave | iobj |
| 4 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 gave | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 instructed | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 instructed | cc |
| 7 | instructed | instruct | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 gave | conj |
| 8 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 instructed | obj |
| 9 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 fight | mark |
| 10 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 13 opposed | mark |
| 11 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 one | det |
| 12 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 opposed | nsubj |
| 13 | opposed | oppose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 fight | advcl |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 opposed | obj |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 fight | nsubj |
| 16 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 fight | aux |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 fight | mark |
| 18 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 instructed | xcomp |
| 19 | till | till | ADP | _ | 21 last | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 last | det |
| 21 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 fight | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 them | case |
| 23 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 last | obl |
| 24 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 last | cop |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | man | weapons | birds = bird | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient weapon=Theme | |||
| 2 | instruct speech: other | past | man not said here | birds = bird | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | oppose a condition, not said to happen | past | any one | birds = bird | vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | ||||
| 4 | fight | past | birds = bird | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | past | of birds = bird; last property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/19/