Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 74
Then they observed a little man sitting by a big stone.
Who acts: hands, little man · What happens: observe, sit · To what, where: little man
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hands, little man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 observed | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 observed | nsubj |
| 3 | observed | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 man | det |
| 5 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 man | amod |
| 6 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 observed | obj |
| 7 | sitting | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 man | acl |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 stone | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 stone | det |
| 10 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 stone | amod |
| 11 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 sitting | obl |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 observed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | observe | past | hands = hand | a little man | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent man=Topic | |||
| 2 | sit | gerund | a little man not said here | by a big stone | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by stone=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/74/