Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 93
The inabulele swallowed him without tearing him or hurting him.
Who acts: inabulele · What happens: swallow, tear, hurt · To what, where: Sikulume
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (inabulele), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 inabulele | det |
| 2 | inabulele | inabulele | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 swallowed | nsubj |
| 3 | swallowed | swallow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 swallowed | obj |
| 5 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 6 tearing | mark |
| 6 | tearing | tear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 swallowed | advcl |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 tearing | obj |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 hurting | cc |
| 9 | hurting | hurt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 tearing | conj |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 hurting | obj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 swallowed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swallow | past | the inabulele | Sikulume | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | ||||
| 2 | tear | gerund | the inabulele not said here | Sikulume | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location he=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hurt | gerund | the inabulele not said here | Sikulume | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/93/