Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Opening, sentence 11
Horatio Hale and other authorities on Iroquois history differ strongly from Schoolcraft on this point, and maintain that the name of Hiawatha, or Heyanwatha, refers only to an Iroquois statesman or deity.
Who acts: Horatio, Heyanwatha · What happens: differ, maintain, refer, name · To what, where: Schoolcraft, name, Hiawatha
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horatio, Heyanwatha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Horatio | Horatio | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 differ | nsubj |
| 2 | Hale | Hale | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Horatio | flat |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 authorities | cc |
| 4 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 authorities | amod |
| 5 | authorities | authority | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Horatio | conj |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 history | case |
| 7 | Iroquois | iroquois | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 history | compound |
| 8 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 authorities | nmod |
| 9 | differ | differ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | strongly | strongly | ADV | _ | 9 differ | advmod |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 Schoolcraft | case |
| 12 | Schoolcraft | Schoolcraft | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 differ | obl |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 point | case |
| 14 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 15 point | det |
| 15 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 differ | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 maintain | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 maintain | cc |
| 18 | maintain | maintain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 9 differ | parataxis |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 name | mark |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 name | det |
| 21 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 maintain | obj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 Hiawatha | case |
| 23 | Hiawatha | Hiawatha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 name | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 refers | punct |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 28 refers | cc |
| 26 | Heyanwatha | Heyanwatha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 refers | nsubj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 Heyanwatha | punct |
| 28 | refers | refer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 maintain | conj |
| 29 | only | only | ADV | _ | 33 statesman | advmod |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 statesman | case |
| 31 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 statesman | det |
| 32 | Iroquois | Iroquois | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 statesman | compound |
| 33 | statesman | statesman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 refers | obl |
| 34 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 35 deity | cc |
| 35 | deity | deity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 statesman | conj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 differ | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | differ | present | Horatio and other authorities on Iroquois history | Schoolcraft | on this point; strongly property | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on point=Topic | |||
| 2 | maintain | infinitive | the name of Hiawatha | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent name=Theme | |||||
| 3 | refer | present | Heyanwatha | to a Iroquois statesman or deity | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to statesman=Co-Theme | ||||
| 4 | name | Hiawatha | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/1/11/