Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 16
On his return, at the council which was called in his honor, he told of boats he had seen that were one hundred and fifty feet long; of great houses filled with white people; of great cities and long railroad trails.
Who acts: chief · What happens: call, tell, see, be, fill, return · To what, where: council, honor, return, one, great houses · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 return | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 return | nmod:poss |
| 3 | return | return | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 told | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 council | punct |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 council | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 council | det |
| 7 | council | council | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 return | nmod |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 called | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 called | aux:pass |
| 10 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 council | acl:relcl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 honor | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 honor | nmod:poss |
| 13 | honor | honor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 called | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 return | punct |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 told | nsubj |
| 16 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 boats | case |
| 18 | boats | boat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 told | obl |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 seen | nsubj |
| 20 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 seen | aux |
| 21 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 told | ccomp |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 long | mark |
| 23 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 one | cop |
| 24 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 hundred | compound |
| 25 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 feet | nummod |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 fifty | cc |
| 27 | fifty | fifty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 hundred | conj |
| 28 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 long | obl:unmarked |
| 29 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 seen | advcl |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 houses | punct |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 houses | case |
| 32 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 houses | amod |
| 33 | houses | house | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 told | parataxis |
| 34 | filled | fill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 houses | acl |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 people | case |
| 36 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 people | amod |
| 37 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 filled | obl |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 cities | punct |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 cities | case |
| 40 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 cities | amod |
| 41 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 told | obl |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 trails | cc |
| 43 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 trails | amod |
| 44 | railroad | railroad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 trails | compound |
| 45 | trails | trail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 cities | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past · passive | the council | chief's honor | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | past | chief | chief's return at the council | of boats; of great cities and long railroad trails; great houses parataxis | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||
| 3 | see | past · perfect | chief | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is a | past | one | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | fill | participle | great houses not said here | with white people | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with people=Instrument | ||||
| 6 | return | chief | the council | nom return «communication intransitive»: poss=agent at=place | |||||
| 7 | honor | chief | nom honor «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/10/16/