Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 31
He was unarmed, and knew nothing of any Indian language or of the sign language so much used west of the Mississippi.
Who acts: professor · What happens: be, know, use · To what, where: nothing
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (professor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 unarmed | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 unarmed | cop |
| 3 | unarmed | unarmed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 knew | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 knew | cc |
| 6 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 unarmed | conj |
| 7 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 6 knew | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 language | case |
| 9 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 language | det |
| 10 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 language | amod |
| 11 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 nothing | nmod |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 language | cc |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 language | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 language | det |
| 15 | sign | sign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 language | compound |
| 16 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 language | conj |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 much | advmod |
| 18 | much | much | ADV | _ | 19 used | advmod |
| 19 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 knew | advcl |
| 20 | west | west | ADV | _ | 19 used | advmod |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 Mississippi | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Mississippi | det |
| 23 | Mississippi | Mississippi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 west | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 unarmed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | professor | unarmed property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | know | past | professor not said here | nothing of any Indian language or the sign language | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | use | participle | professor not said here | west property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/10/31/