Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 4

They can decoy their foe by imitating bird calls or animals; they can make themselves into stump-like figures and almost defy a close inspection.

Who acts: Indians · What happens: decoy, imitate, make, defy · To what, where: foe, bird calls, Indians, like figures, close inspection

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 decoy	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 decoy	aux
3	decoy	decoy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 foe	nmod:poss
5	foe	foe	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 decoy	obj
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 imitating	mark
7	imitating	imitate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 decoy	advcl
8	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 calls	compound
9	calls	call	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 imitating	obj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 animals	cc
11	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 calls	conj
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 make	punct
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 make	nsubj
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 make	aux
15	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 decoy	parataxis
16	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	15 make	obj
17	into	into	ADP	_	21 figures	case
18	stump	stump	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 like	compound
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	18 stump	punct
20	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 figures	amod
21	figures	figure	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 make	obl
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 defy	cc
23	almost	almost	ADV	_	24 defy	advmod
24	defy	defy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 make	conj
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 inspection	det
26	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 inspection	amod
27	inspection	inspection	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 defy	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 decoy	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	decoy	can	Indians = indian	Indians's foe			tree rules
2	imitate	gerund	Indians = indian not said here	bird calls or animals			vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent call=Theme
3	make	can	Indians = indian	Indians = indian	like figures		vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent themselves=Material into figure=Product
4	defy	infinitive	Indians = indian not said here	a close inspection		almost property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/10/4/

🌲 Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 4

The tree

Pragmatics

Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 4