Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Medicine Men Among the Indians, sentence 6
They believe and teach that sickness is caused by an evil spirit.
Who acts: men, evil spirit · What happens: believe, teach, cause · To what, where: sickness · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Medicine Men Among the Indians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, evil spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 believe | nsubj |
| 2 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 teach | cc |
| 4 | teach | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 believe | conj |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 caused | mark |
| 6 | sickness | sickness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 caused | aux:pass |
| 8 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 teach | ccomp |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 spirit | case |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 spirit | det |
| 11 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 spirit | amod |
| 12 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 caused | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 believe | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | present | men = man | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | teach speech: other | present | men = man not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | cause | present · passive | a evil spirit | sickness | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/12/6/