Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Meaning of Indian Totems and Names, sentence 12
Other tribes believe they are descended from bears, wolves, cranes, or other creatures.
Who acts: Other tribes · What happens: believe, descend · To what, where: totem, bears · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Meaning of Indian Totems and Names. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Other tribes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 tribes | amod |
| 2 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 believe | nsubj |
| 3 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 descended | nsubj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 descended | aux:pass |
| 6 | descended | descend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 believe | ccomp |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 bears | case |
| 8 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 descended | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 wolves | punct |
| 10 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 bears | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 cranes | punct |
| 12 | cranes | crane | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 bears | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 creatures | punct |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 creatures | cc |
| 15 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 creatures | amod |
| 16 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 descended | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 believe | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | present | Other tribes | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | descend | present · passive | totem | bears and wolves and cranes | other creatures obl | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/14/12/