Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, sentence 20
The Indians of California were originally very brave and warlike, but the remnants of the tribes are broken in spirit and seem broken-hearted.
Who acts: Indians · What happens: be, break, seem · To what, where: remnants, spirit
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Indians | det |
| 2 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 8 brave | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 California | case |
| 4 | California | California | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Indians | nmod |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 brave | cop |
| 6 | originally | originally | ADV | _ | 8 brave | advmod |
| 7 | very | very | ADV | _ | 8 brave | advmod |
| 8 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 warlike | cc |
| 10 | warlike | warlike | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 brave | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 broken | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 broken | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 remnants | det |
| 14 | remnants | remnant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 broken | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 tribes | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 tribes | det |
| 17 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 remnants | nmod |
| 18 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 broken | aux:pass |
| 19 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 brave | parataxis |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 spirit | case |
| 21 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 broken | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 seem | cc |
| 23 | seem | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 broken | conj |
| 24 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 seem | xcomp |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 hearted | punct |
| 26 | hearted | hearted | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 broken | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 brave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the Indians of California | brave, originally property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | the Indians of California not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | break | present · passive | the remnants of the tribes | spirit | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 4 | seem | present | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | ||||||
| 5 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/16/20/