Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, sentence 22
The different tribes and nations scattered over America seemed to have known much about metals, although they used stone arrow points and stone axes when the first explorers visited their homes.
Who acts: different tribes, tribes, stone, first explorers · What happens: scatter, seem, know, use, arrow, visit · To what, where: different tribes, America, points, homes
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (different tribes, tribes, stone, first explorers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 tribes | det |
| 2 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 tribes | amod |
| 3 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 seemed | nsubj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 nations | cc |
| 5 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 tribes | conj |
| 6 | scattered | scatter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 tribes | acl |
| 7 | over | over | ADP | _ | 8 America | case |
| 8 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 scattered | obl |
| 9 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 known | mark |
| 11 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 12 known | aux |
| 12 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 seemed | xcomp |
| 13 | much | much | ADV | _ | 12 known | advmod |
| 14 | about | about | ADP | _ | 15 metals | case |
| 15 | metals | metal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 known | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 used | punct |
| 17 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 19 used | mark |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 used | nsubj |
| 19 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 seemed | parataxis |
| 20 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 arrow | nsubj |
| 21 | arrow | arrow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 used | conj |
| 22 | points | point | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 arrow | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 axes | cc |
| 24 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 axes | compound |
| 25 | axes | ax | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 points | conj |
| 26 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 30 visited | advmod |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 explorers | det |
| 28 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 29 explorers | amod |
| 29 | explorers | explorer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 visited | nsubj |
| 30 | visited | visit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 points | advcl |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 homes | nmod:poss |
| 32 | homes | home | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 visited | obj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 seemed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | scatter | participle | the different tribes and nations not said here | America | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme over america=Destination | ||||
| 2 | seem | past | the different tribes and nations | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 3 | know | to-infinitive · perfect | the different tribes and nations not said here | about metals | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about metal=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | use | past | tribes = tribe | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | arrow | present | stone | points and stone axes | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | visit | past | the first explorers | tribes's homes | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/16/22/