Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, sentence 3
One of their peculiar customs is that they have a tribe whipper who makes his weekly rounds with his whip to punish children, and in this way the parents save themselves from the pain of inflicting punishment upon their children.
Who acts: One, tribe whipper, parents, pain · What happens: be, make, punish, save, inflict · To what, where: weekly rounds, children, Indians, way, punishment
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One, tribe whipper, parents, pain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 have | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 customs | case |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 customs | nmod:poss |
| 4 | peculiar | peculiar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 customs | compound |
| 5 | customs | custom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 One | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 have | cop |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 have | mark |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 have | nsubj |
| 9 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 whipper | det |
| 11 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 whipper | compound |
| 12 | whipper | whipper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 have | obj |
| 13 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 makes | nsubj |
| 14 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 whipper | acl:relcl |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 rounds | nmod:poss |
| 16 | weekly | weekly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 rounds | amod |
| 17 | rounds | round | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 makes | obj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 whip | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 whip | nmod:poss |
| 20 | whip | whip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 makes | obl |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 punish | mark |
| 22 | punish | punish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 makes | advcl |
| 23 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 punish | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 save | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 save | cc |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 way | case |
| 27 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 28 way | det |
| 28 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 save | obl |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 parents | det |
| 30 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 save | nsubj |
| 31 | save | save | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 have | parataxis |
| 32 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 31 save | obj |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 pain | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 pain | det |
| 35 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 save | obl |
| 36 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 37 inflicting | mark |
| 37 | inflicting | inflict | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 pain | acl |
| 38 | punishment | punishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 inflicting | obj |
| 39 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 41 children | case |
| 40 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 children | nmod:poss |
| 41 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 inflicting | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | One of Indians's peculiar customs | Indians = indian nsubj; a tribe whipper obj; have property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | present | a tribe whipper | his weekly rounds | with his whip | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent round=Product | |||
| 3 | punish | to-infinitive | a tribe whipper not said here | children | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient | ||||
| 4 | save | present | the parents | Indians = indian | this way | from the pain | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme from pain=Source | ||
| 5 | inflict | gerund | the pain not said here | punishment | upon Indians's children | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/16/3/