Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, sentence 8
They live in roofed huts and cultivate several kinds of crops.
Who acts: Indians · What happens: live, roof, cultivate · To what, where: roofed huts, several kinds
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 live | nsubj |
| 2 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 huts | case |
| 4 | roofed | roof | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 huts | amod |
| 5 | huts | hut | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | obl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 cultivate | cc |
| 7 | cultivate | cultivate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 live | conj |
| 8 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 kinds | amod |
| 9 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 cultivate | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 crops | case |
| 11 | crops | crop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 kinds | nmod |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 live | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Indians = indian | roofed huts | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hut=Location | ||||
| 2 | roof | participle | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | cultivate | present | Indians = indian not said here | several kinds of crops | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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