Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sketches of Various Tribes of North American Indians, sentence 1
PAGE Books in the Indian Language 3 Some Things the Indians knew before White Men came 6 How the Iroquois built their Log Forts 10 Indian Records 12 Wampum Money 15 Indian Traits 20 The Indian’s Eye Training 26 Medicine Men among the Indians 28 The Indian at Home 31 Meaning of Indian Totems and Names 35 Indian Names for the Months or Moons 39 Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes 44 The Indians who live in Brick Houses 47 The Moki Indians 54 Dakota or Sioux 57 Indian Games 59 Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota 62 Chief Logan and Others 68 A Navajo Medicine Chant 70 How the Cave People found Dry Land on the Earth (Zuñi Chant) 72
Who acts: Indians, PAGE Books, Iroquois, Moki Indians, Cave People · What happens: know, come, build, live, chant, find · To what, where: Things, 6, Log Forts, Brick Houses, 70, Dry Land
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sketches of Various Tribes of North American Indians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians, PAGE Books, Iroquois, Moki Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PAGE | page | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Books | compound |
| 2 | Books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 came | nsubj |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Language | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Language | det |
| 5 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 Language | amod |
| 6 | Language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Books | nmod |
| 7 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 Language | flat |
| 8 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 9 Things | det |
| 9 | Things | Thing | PROPN | Number=Plur | 6 Language | nmod |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Indians | det |
| 11 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 knew | nsubj |
| 12 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 Things | acl:relcl |
| 13 | before | before | ADP | _ | 15 Men | case |
| 14 | White | White | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 Men | amod |
| 15 | Men | Men | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 knew | obl |
| 16 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | 6 | 6 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 came | obj |
| 18 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 built | advmod |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Iroquois | det |
| 20 | Iroquois | Iroquois | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 built | nsubj |
| 21 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 came | advcl |
| 22 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 Forts | nmod:poss |
| 23 | Log | Log | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Forts | compound |
| 24 | Forts | fort | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 built | obj |
| 25 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 27 Records | nummod |
| 26 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 Records | amod |
| 27 | Records | record | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 built | obj |
| 28 | 12 | 12 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 30 Money | nummod |
| 29 | Wampum | Wampum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Money | compound |
| 30 | Money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 Records | nmod |
| 31 | 15 | 15 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 30 Money | flat |
| 32 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 Traits | amod |
| 33 | Traits | Trait | PROPN | Number=Plur | 27 Records | conj |
| 34 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 33 Traits | flat |
| 35 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Indian | det |
| 36 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 Traits | conj |
| 37 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 36 Indian | case |
| 38 | Eye | Eye | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Indian | nsubj |
| 39 | Training | training | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 Eye | appos |
| 40 | 26 | 26 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 42 Men | nummod |
| 41 | Medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 Men | compound |
| 42 | Men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 Training | conj |
| 43 | among | among | ADP | _ | 46 28 | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 Indians | det |
| 45 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 46 28 | nsubj |
| 46 | 28 | 28 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 42 Men | nmod |
| 47 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 Indian | det |
| 48 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 Meaning | amod |
| 49 | at | at | ADP | _ | 50 Home | case |
| 50 | Home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 Meaning | compound |
| 51 | 31 | 31 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 50 Home | flat |
| 52 | Meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 28 | conj |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 Totems | case |
| 54 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 Totems | amod |
| 55 | Totems | totem | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 Meaning | nmod |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 Names | cc |
| 57 | Names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 Totems | conj |
| 58 | 35 | 35 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 60 Names | nummod |
| 59 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 Names | amod |
| 60 | Names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 57 Names | nmod |
| 61 | for | for | ADP | _ | 63 Months | case |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 Months | det |
| 63 | Months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 Names | nmod |
| 64 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 65 Moons | cc |
| 65 | Moons | moon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 Months | conj |
| 66 | 39 | 39 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 67 Customs | nummod |
| 67 | Customs | custom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 Months | conj |
| 68 | of | of | ADP | _ | 69 Kickapoo | case |
| 69 | Kickapoo | Kickapoo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 67 Customs | nmod |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 71 Seminole | punct |
| 71 | Seminole | Seminole | PROPN | Number=Sing | 69 Kickapoo | conj |
| 72 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 76 44 | punct |
| 73 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 76 44 | cc |
| 74 | Other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 75 Tribes | amod |
| 75 | Tribes | Tribe | PROPN | Number=Plur | 76 44 | nsubj |
| 76 | 44 | 44 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 42 Men | conj |
| 77 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 78 Indians | det |
| 78 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 76 44 | nmod |
| 79 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 80 live | nsubj |
| 80 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 78 Indians | acl:relcl |
| 81 | in | in | ADP | _ | 83 Houses | case |
| 82 | Brick | Brick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 83 Houses | compound |
| 83 | Houses | House | PROPN | Number=Plur | 80 live | obl |
| 84 | 47 | 47 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 83 Houses | flat |
| 85 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 87 Indians | det |
| 86 | Moki | Moki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 87 Indians | compound |
| 87 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 110 Chant | nsubj |
| 88 | 54 | 54 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 89 Dakota | nummod |
| 89 | Dakota | Dakota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 87 Indians | conj |
| 90 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 91 Sioux | cc |
| 91 | Sioux | Sioux | PROPN | Number=Sing | 89 Dakota | conj |
| 92 | 57 | 57 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 94 Games | nummod |
| 93 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 94 Games | amod |
| 94 | Games | game | NOUN | Number=Plur | 87 Indians | nmod |
| 95 | 59 | 59 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 94 Games | list |
| 96 | Sioux | Sioux | PROPN | Number=Sing | 95 59 | nmod:unmarked |
| 97 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 98 Chippewas | cc |
| 98 | Chippewas | Chippewas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 96 Sioux | conj |
| 99 | of | of | ADP | _ | 100 Minnesota | case |
| 100 | Minnesota | Minnesota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 98 Chippewas | nmod |
| 101 | 62 | 62 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 102 Chief | nummod |
| 102 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 96 Sioux | nmod |
| 103 | Logan | Logan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 102 Chief | flat |
| 104 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 105 Others | cc |
| 105 | Others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 96 Sioux | conj |
| 106 | 68 | 68 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 96 Sioux | list |
| 107 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 109 Medicine | det |
| 108 | Navajo | Navajo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 109 Medicine | compound |
| 109 | Medicine | Medicine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 96 Sioux | appos |
| 110 | Chant | chant | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 83 Houses | acl:relcl |
| 111 | 70 | 70 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 110 Chant | obj |
| 112 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 116 found | advmod |
| 113 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 115 People | det |
| 114 | Cave | Cave | PROPN | Number=Sing | 115 People | compound |
| 115 | People | People | PROPN | Number=Plur | 116 found | nsubj |
| 116 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 111 70 | advcl |
| 117 | Dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 118 Land | amod |
| 118 | Land | Land | PROPN | Number=Sing | 116 found | obj |
| 119 | on | on | ADP | _ | 121 Earth | case |
| 120 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 121 Earth | det |
| 121 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 116 found | obl |
| 122 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 124 Chant | punct |
| 123 | Zuñi | Zuñi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 124 Chant | compound |
| 124 | Chant | Chant | PROPN | Number=Sing | 121 Earth | conj |
| 125 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 124 Chant | punct |
| 126 | 72 | 72 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 124 Chant | flat |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | the Indians | some Things not said here | before White Men | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | come | past | PAGE Books in the Indian Language some Things | 6 | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location 6=Theme | ||||
| 3 | build | past | the Iroquois | Indians's Log Forts | 10 Indian Records 12 Wampum Money and Indian Traits obj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset fort=Beneficiary record=Product | |||
| 4 | live | present | the Indians | Brick Houses | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location | ||||
| 5 | chant | present | the Moki Indians 57 Indian Games and 54 Dakota or Sioux | 70 | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 70=Topic | ||||
| 6 | find | past | the Cave People | Dry Land | the Earth and Zuñi Chant | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Topic | |||
| 7 | mean | Indian Totems and Names 35 Indian Names for the Months or Moons and 39 Customs of Kickapoo and Seminole | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/2/1/