Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Games, sentence 14
The prizes for the winning side have hung all this time on the prize pole; and dangling in the air, waiting the finish of the game, are the knives, tomahawks, blankets, moccasins, fine buffalo and deerskin robes which the winners will divide among themselves.
Who acts: winners · What happens: hang, dangle, wait, be, divide · To what, where: prizes, prize pole, air, finish, knives
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Games. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (winners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 prizes | det |
| 2 | prizes | prize | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 hung | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 side | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 side | det |
| 5 | winning | winning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 side | compound |
| 6 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 prizes | nmod |
| 7 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 hung | aux |
| 8 | hung | hang | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 time | det:predet |
| 10 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 11 time | det |
| 11 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 hung | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 pole | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 pole | det |
| 14 | prize | prize | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 pole | compound |
| 15 | pole | pole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 hung | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 dangling | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 dangling | cc |
| 18 | dangling | dangle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 hung | conj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 air | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 air | det |
| 21 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 dangling | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 waiting | punct |
| 23 | waiting | wait | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 dangling | conj |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 finish | det |
| 25 | finish | finish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 waiting | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 game | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 game | det |
| 28 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 finish | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 knives | punct |
| 30 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 knives | cop |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 knives | det |
| 32 | knives | knife | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 dangling | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 tomahawks | punct |
| 34 | tomahawks | tomahawk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 knives | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 blankets | punct |
| 36 | blankets | blanket | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 knives | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 moccasins | punct |
| 38 | moccasins | moccasin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 knives | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 buffalo | punct |
| 40 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 buffalo | amod |
| 41 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 knives | conj |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 robes | cc |
| 43 | deerskin | deerskin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 robes | compound |
| 44 | robes | robe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 knives | conj |
| 45 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 49 divide | obj |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 winners | det |
| 47 | winners | winner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 divide | nsubj |
| 48 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 49 divide | aux |
| 49 | divide | divide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 knives | parataxis |
| 50 | among | among | ADP | _ | 51 themselves | case |
| 51 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 49 divide | obl |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 hung | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hang | present · perfect · passive | the prizes for the winning side | the prize pole | time | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on pole=Destination | |||
| 2 | dangle | gerund | the air | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location | |||||
| 3 | wait | gerund | the finish of the game | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | the knives and tomahawks and blankets and moccasins and fine buffalo and deerskin robes | tomahawks conj; blankets conj; moccasins conj; fine buffalo conj; deerskin robes conj | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | divide | future | the winners | the knives and tomahawks and blankets and moccasins and fine buffalo and deerskin robes | among sides = side | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/20/14/