Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Games, sentence 24
The stones fall black or red side up, and the betting on the number of black or red stones makes the game.
Who acts: stones, betting · What happens: fall, make · To what, where: black side, game
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Games. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stones, betting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 stones | det |
| 2 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fall | nsubj |
| 3 | fall | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 side | amod |
| 5 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 6 red | cc |
| 6 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 black | conj |
| 7 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fall | obl |
| 8 | up | up | ADV | _ | 3 fall | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 makes | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 makes | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 betting | det |
| 12 | betting | betting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 makes | nsubj |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 number | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 number | det |
| 15 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 betting | nmod |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 stones | case |
| 17 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 stones | amod |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 19 red | cc |
| 19 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 black | conj |
| 20 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 number | nmod |
| 21 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 fall | parataxis |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 game | det |
| 23 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 makes | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 fall | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | present | the stones | black side | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | present | the betting on the number of black stones | the game | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset game=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/20/24/