Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 1
The Iroquois drove the Chippewas, or Ojibways, from their hunting grounds and from fishing in many waters in central New York; as the bands increased and more needed food, many started westward, and Chippewa names of lakes and rivers mark their progress toward the Mississippi.
Who acts: Iroquois, bands, many, Chippewa names, names · What happens: drive, increase, start, mark, name, progress · To what, where: Chippewas, needed food, progress, lakes
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iroquois, bands, many, Chippewa names), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Iroquois | det |
| 2 | Iroquois | Iroquois | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 drove | nsubj |
| 3 | drove | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Chippewas | det |
| 5 | Chippewas | chippewa | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 drove | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Ojibways | punct |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 Ojibways | cc |
| 8 | Ojibways | ojibway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 Chippewas | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 grounds | punct |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 grounds | case |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 grounds | nmod:poss |
| 12 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 grounds | compound |
| 13 | grounds | grounds | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 5 Chippewas | conj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 fishing | cc |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 fishing | case |
| 16 | fishing | fishing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 grounds | conj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 waters | case |
| 18 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 waters | amod |
| 19 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 fishing | nmod |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 York | case |
| 21 | central | central | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 York | amod |
| 22 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 York | flat |
| 23 | York | York | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 waters | nmod |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 increased | punct |
| 25 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 28 increased | mark |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 bands | det |
| 27 | bands | band | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 increased | nsubj |
| 28 | increased | increase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 drove | parataxis |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 more | cc |
| 30 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 31 needed | advmod |
| 31 | needed | needed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 food | amod |
| 32 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 increased | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 started | punct |
| 34 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 started | nsubj |
| 35 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 increased | conj |
| 36 | westward | westward | ADV | _ | 35 started | advmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 mark | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 mark | cc |
| 39 | Chippewa | Chippewa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 names | compound |
| 40 | names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 mark | nsubj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 lakes | case |
| 42 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 names | nmod |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 rivers | cc |
| 44 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 lakes | conj |
| 45 | mark | mark | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 drove | conj |
| 46 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 progress | nmod:poss |
| 47 | progress | progress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 mark | obj |
| 48 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 50 Mississippi | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 Mississippi | det |
| 50 | Mississippi | Mississippi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 mark | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 drove | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drive | past | the Iroquois | the Chippewas or Ojibways and Ojibways's hunting grounds and fishing in many waters in central New York | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chippewa=Theme | ||||
| 2 | increase | past | the bands | needed food | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer food=Patient | ||||
| 3 | start | past | many | westward property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | mark | present | Chippewa names of lakes and rivers | names's progress | toward the Mississippi | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent progress=Destination | |||
| 5 | name | lakes and rivers | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | progress | names = name | nom progress «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/21/1/