Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 43
Some friendly Indians warned the whites of the coming troubles and helped them to escape.
Who acts: friendly Indians, whites · What happens: warn, come, help, escape · To what, where: whites
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friendly Indians, whites), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 Indians | det |
| 2 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Indians | amod |
| 3 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 warned | nsubj |
| 4 | warned | warn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 whites | det |
| 6 | whites | white | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 warned | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 troubles | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 troubles | det |
| 9 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 troubles | amod |
| 10 | troubles | trouble | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 whites | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 helped | cc |
| 12 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 warned | conj |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 helped | obj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 escape | mark |
| 15 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 helped | xcomp |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 warned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | warn speech: warn | past | some friendly Indians | the whites of the coming troubles | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent white=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | come | gerund | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | help | past | some friendly Indians not said here | whites = white | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | escape | to-infinitive | whites = white not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/21/43/