Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, A Navajo Medicine Chant, sentence 29
Across the valley, on the trail of the lightning, he ran to the mountains; and now, pure in face, in heart, and with white feet, the lightning led him home.”
Who acts: trail, lightning · What happens: run, lead · To what, where: valley, trail
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, A Navajo Medicine Chant. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trail, lightning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Across | across | ADP | _ | 3 valley | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 valley | det |
| 3 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 ran | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 trail | punct |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 trail | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 trail | det |
| 7 | trail | trail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 valley | appos |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 lightning | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 lightning | det |
| 10 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 trail | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 valley | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 ran | nsubj |
| 13 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 mountains | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 mountains | det |
| 16 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 ran | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 pure | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 pure | cc |
| 19 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 21 pure | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 pure | punct |
| 21 | pure | pure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 ran | parataxis |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 face | case |
| 23 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 pure | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 heart | punct |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 heart | case |
| 26 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 ran | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 led | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 led | cc |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 feet | case |
| 30 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 feet | amod |
| 31 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 led | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 feet | punct |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 lightning | det |
| 34 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 led | nsubj |
| 35 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 ran | conj |
| 36 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 led | obj |
| 37 | home | home | ADV | _ | 35 led | advmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 ran | punct |
| 39 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | past | trail | the valley | to the mountains; in heart | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source PP.destination PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent across valley=Initial_Location to mountain=Destination in heart=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | lead | past | the lightning | trail | with white feet; home property | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/23/29/