Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth, sentence 46
“Thus the people were led out of the deep caves; thus the land became dry, and men came to live on the earth.”
Who acts: land, men · What happens: lead, become, come, live · To what, where: people, deep caves, earth
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 led | punct |
| 2 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 6 led | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 people | det |
| 4 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 led | nsubj |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 led | aux:pass |
| 6 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 caves | case |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 caves | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 caves | det |
| 10 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 caves | amod |
| 11 | caves | cave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 led | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 became | punct |
| 13 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 16 became | advmod |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 land | det |
| 15 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 became | nsubj |
| 16 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 led | parataxis |
| 17 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 became | xcomp |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 came | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 came | cc |
| 20 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 came | nsubj |
| 21 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 became | conj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 live | mark |
| 23 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 came | xcomp |
| 24 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 earth | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 earth | det |
| 26 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 live | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 led | punct |
| 28 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 led | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead in a quote | past · passive | the people | the deep caves | thus property | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme out cave=Destination | |||
| 2 | become in a quote | past | the land | dry, thus property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | come in a quote | past | men | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | live in a quote | to-infinitive | men not said here | the earth | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on earth=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/24/46/