Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller, sentence 109
They knew the pond-lily leaves were small in the lakes; they could not be so wide in a river.
Who acts: girls, lily leaves · What happens: know, be, not be · To what, where: lakes, river · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girls, lily leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 knew | nsubj |
| 2 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 leaves | det |
| 4 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lily | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 pond | punct |
| 6 | lily | lily | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 leaves | compound |
| 7 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 small | nsubj |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 small | cop |
| 9 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 knew | ccomp |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 lakes | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 lakes | det |
| 12 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 small | obl |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 wide | punct |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 wide | nsubj |
| 15 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 wide | aux |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 wide | advmod |
| 17 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 19 wide | cop |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 19 wide | advmod |
| 19 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 knew | conj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 river | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 river | det |
| 22 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 wide | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | girls = girl | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | past | the lily leaves | the lakes | small property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | not is | could | girls = girl | a river | wide property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/26/109/