Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller, sentence 121
Its head was shot off; the ducks fell around his canoe like hail in a hailstorm; the water was black with the ducks he shot.
Who acts: ducks, water · What happens: shoot off, fall, be, shoot · To what, where: head, canoe, ducks
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ducks, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 head | nmod:poss |
| 2 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 shot | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 shot | aux:pass |
| 4 | shot | shoot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | off | off | ADP | _ | 4 shot | compound:prt |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 fell | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 ducks | det |
| 8 | ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 fell | nsubj |
| 9 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 shot | conj |
| 10 | around | around | ADP | _ | 12 canoe | case |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 canoe | nmod:poss |
| 12 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 fell | obl |
| 13 | like | like | ADP | _ | 14 hail | case |
| 14 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 canoe | nmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 hailstorm | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 hailstorm | det |
| 17 | hailstorm | hailstorm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 fell | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 black | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 water | det |
| 20 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 black | nsubj |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 black | cop |
| 22 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 shot | conj |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 ducks | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 ducks | det |
| 25 | ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 black | obl |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 shot | nsubj |
| 27 | shot | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 ducks | acl:relcl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 shot | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shoot off | past · passive | canoe's head | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | fall | past | the ducks | swan's canoe like hail | in a hailstorm | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme around canoe=Location | |||
| 3 | is | past | the water | with the ducks; black property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | shoot | past | water | the ducks not said here | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duck=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/26/121/