Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller, sentence 65
He raised his war club to strike it, but it was nothing but a big ant dragging a rabbit to its hole in the trail.
Who acts: Iagoo, beast, big ant · What happens: raise, strike, be, drag · To what, where: war club, beast, nothing, rabbit, hole
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iagoo, beast, big ant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 raised | nsubj |
| 2 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 club | nmod:poss |
| 4 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 club | compound |
| 5 | club | club | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 raised | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 strike | mark |
| 7 | strike | strike | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 raised | advcl |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 strike | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 nothing | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 nothing | cc |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 nothing | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 nothing | cop |
| 13 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 2 raised | parataxis |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 ant | cc |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 ant | det |
| 16 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 ant | amod |
| 17 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 nothing | conj |
| 18 | dragging | drag | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 ant | acl |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 rabbit | det |
| 20 | rabbit | rabbit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 dragging | obj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 hole | case |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 hole | nmod:poss |
| 23 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 dragging | obl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 trail | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 trail | det |
| 26 | trail | trail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 hole | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 raised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | raise | past | Iagoo | Iagoo's war club | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent club=Theme | ||||
| 2 | strike | to-infinitive | Iagoo not said here | beast | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | beast | nothing | a big ant conj | tree rules | |||
| 4 | drag | gerund | a big ant not said here | a rabbit | beast's hole in the trail | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rabbit=Theme to hole=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/26/65/