Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, III. Leaping Rock in the Pipestone Valley, sentence 13
The chiefs said: “Leap from this trail in the valley to the top of Leaping Rock.
Who acts: chiefs · What happens: say, leap · To what, where: trail · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, III. Leaping Rock in the Pipestone Valley. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chiefs | det |
| 2 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 Leap | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 Leap | punct |
| 6 | Leap | leap | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 said | ccomp |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 trail | case |
| 8 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 trail | det |
| 9 | trail | trail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Leap | obl |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 valley | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 valley | det |
| 12 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Leap | obl |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 top | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 top | det |
| 15 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Leap | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 Rock | case |
| 17 | Leaping | Leaping | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Rock | compound |
| 18 | Rock | Rock | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 top | nmod |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the chiefs | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | leap in a quote | infinitive | this trail | in the valley; to the top of Leaping Rock | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to top=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/28/13/