Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, VI. the Origin of the Crane Tribe of the Ojibway or Chippewa Indians, sentence 13
They came to the rapids in the outlet of the lake white men call Lake Superior.
Who acts: cranes, white men · What happens: come, call · To what, where: outlet, lake · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VI. the Origin of the Crane Tribe of the Ojibway or Chippewa Indians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cranes, white men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 came | nsubj |
| 2 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 rapids | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 rapids | det |
| 5 | rapids | rapid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 came | obl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 outlet | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 outlet | det |
| 8 | outlet | outlet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 came | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 lake | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 lake | det |
| 11 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 outlet | nmod |
| 12 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 men | amod |
| 13 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 call | nsubj |
| 14 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 lake | acl:relcl |
| 15 | Lake | Lake | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 call | obj |
| 16 | Superior | Superior | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Lake | flat |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | cranes = crane | the outlet of the lake | to the rapids | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to rapid=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | call | present | white men | the lake not said here | Lake | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lake=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/31/13/