Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IX. Weenk the Sleep-bringer and His Warriors, sentence 22
“Wewahsta has lighted her lamp,” says the squaw mother as she sees the evening star.
Who acts: Wewahsta, squaw mother · What happens: light, say, see · To what, where: lamp, evening star · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IX. Weenk the Sleep-bringer and His Warriors. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wewahsta, squaw mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 lighted | punct |
| 2 | Wewahsta | Wewahsta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 lighted | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 lighted | aux |
| 4 | lighted | light | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 says | ccomp |
| 5 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 lamp | nmod:poss |
| 6 | lamp | lamp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lighted | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 lighted | punct |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 lighted | punct |
| 9 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 mother | det |
| 11 | squaw | squaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 mother | compound |
| 12 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 says | obj |
| 13 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 15 sees | mark |
| 14 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 sees | nsubj |
| 15 | sees | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 says | advcl |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 star | det |
| 17 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 star | compound |
| 18 | star | star | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sees | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 says | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | light in a quote | present · perfect | Wewahsta | Wewahsta's lamp | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lamp=Product | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | the squaw mother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | see | present | Wewahsta | the evening star | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer star=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/34/22/