Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, X. the Little People of the Senecas, sentence 12
The little one said: “You are starving because you killed and did not eat.
Who acts: little one, You · What happens: say, starve, kill, not eat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, X. the Little People of the Senecas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little one, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 one | det |
| 2 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 one | amod |
| 3 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 starving | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 starving | punct |
| 7 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 starving | nsubj |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 starving | aux |
| 9 | starving | starve | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 said | ccomp |
| 10 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 12 killed | mark |
| 11 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 killed | nsubj |
| 12 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 starving | ccomp |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 eat | cc |
| 14 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 eat | aux |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 eat | advmod |
| 16 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 killed | conj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the little one | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | starve in a quote | present · progressive | You | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | kill in a quote | past | you | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | not eat in a quote | past · do-support | you not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/35/12/