Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, X. the Little People of the Senecas, sentence 2
Two Indians from the Seneca Reservation went hunting; they went on a long trail, but at last found a place where the deer come to eat the salt that is in the sand; it is called a “salt lick.”
Who acts: Two Indians, Indians, deer, salt · What happens: go, hunt, find, come, eat, be · To what, where: Seneca Reservation, long trail, place, last, salt, sand · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, X. the Little People of the Senecas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Two Indians, Indians, deer, salt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 Indians | nummod |
| 2 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 7 went | nsubj |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 Reservation | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Reservation | det |
| 5 | Seneca | Seneca | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Reservation | compound |
| 6 | Reservation | reservation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 went | obl |
| 7 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | hunting | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 went | xcomp |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 went | punct |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 went | nsubj |
| 11 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 went | conj |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 trail | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 trail | det |
| 14 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 trail | amod |
| 15 | trail | trail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 went | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 found | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 found | cc |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 last | case |
| 19 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 found | obl |
| 20 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 went | conj |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 place | det |
| 22 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 found | obj |
| 23 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 26 come | advmod |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 deer | det |
| 25 | deer | deer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 come | nsubj |
| 26 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 place | acl:relcl |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 eat | mark |
| 28 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 come | xcomp |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 salt | det |
| 30 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 eat | obj |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 sand | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 sand | cop |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 sand | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 sand | det |
| 35 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 salt | acl:relcl |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 called | punct |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 called | nsubj:pass |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 called | aux:pass |
| 39 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 went | parataxis |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 lick | det |
| 41 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 43 lick | punct |
| 42 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 lick | compound |
| 43 | lick | lick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 called | xcomp |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 39 called | punct |
| 45 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | Two Indians | the Seneca Reservation | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | hunt | gerund | Two Indians not said here | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | go | past | Indians = indian | a long trail | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on trail=Location | ||||
| 4 | find | past | Indians = indian not said here | a place | last | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent place=Theme at last=Asset | |||
| 5 | come | present | the deer | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | eat | to-infinitive | the deer not said here | the salt | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Patient | ||||
| 7 | is | present | the salt | the sand | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | call | present · passive | salt | a salt lick xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/35/2/