Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, X. the Little People of the Senecas, sentence 29
At midnight they were awakened by many of the little people, who said that the hunters might take their packs of skins and all the food they wished from the cave if they would never again shoot the deer to feed the wolves.
Who acts: many little people, hunters, Indians · What happens: awaken, say, take, wish, shoot, feed · To what, where: Indians, packs, food, cave, deer, wolves · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, X. the Little People of the Senecas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many little people, hunters, Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 midnight | case |
| 2 | midnight | midnight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 awakened | obl |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 awakened | nsubj |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 awakened | aux:pass |
| 5 | awakened | awaken | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 people | case |
| 7 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 people | amod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 people | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 people | det |
| 10 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 people | amod |
| 11 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 awakened | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
| 13 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 said | nsubj |
| 14 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 people | conj |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 take | mark |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 hunters | det |
| 17 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 take | nsubj |
| 18 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 take | aux |
| 19 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 said | ccomp |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 packs | nmod:poss |
| 21 | packs | pack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 take | obj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 skins | case |
| 23 | skins | skin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 take | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 food | cc |
| 25 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 food | det:predet |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 food | det |
| 27 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 skins | conj |
| 28 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 wished | nsubj |
| 29 | wished | wish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 food | acl:relcl |
| 30 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 cave | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 cave | det |
| 32 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 wished | obl |
| 33 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 38 shoot | mark |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 shoot | nsubj |
| 35 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 shoot | aux |
| 36 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 37 again | advmod |
| 37 | again | again | ADV | _ | 38 shoot | advmod |
| 38 | shoot | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 take | advcl |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 deer | det |
| 40 | deer | deer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 shoot | obj |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 feed | mark |
| 42 | feed | feed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 shoot | advcl |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 wolves | det |
| 44 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 feed | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 awakened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | awaken | past · passive | the many little people | Indians = indian | midnight | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the many little people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | take | might | the hunters | Indians's packs | of skins and all food | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent pack=Theme of skin=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | wish | past | Indians = indian | all food not said here | the cave | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot food=Theme | |||
| 5 | shoot a condition, not said to happen | would | Indians = indian | the deer | again; never | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deer=Theme | |||
| 6 | feed | to-infinitive | Indians = indian not said here | the wolves | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/35/29/